What is the primary difference between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC)?

The primary difference between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) revolves around the flow of electric charge. In AC, the current changes direction periodically, meaning that the flow of electrons alternates back and forth. This characteristic allows AC to be generated at higher voltages and transmitted over long distances more efficiently. The ability to change direction is integral to how AC is produced and utilized, particularly in homes and businesses, where the power from the grid is AC.

In contrast, DC flows in one direction only, providing a steady and constant voltage. This consistency is essential for applications like batteries and electronic circuits, where stable voltage is crucial.

The other statements are inaccurate regarding the fundamental differences between AC and DC. For instance, the notion that DC has a higher voltage than AC isn't necessarily true, as both types can exist at various voltage levels depending on the application. Similarly, the idea that DC can be transformed easily does not hold when compared to AC, which can be easily transformed to different voltages using transformers, a property that DC does not inherently possess.