What is a switching power supply?

A switching power supply is characterized by its use of switching regulators, which enable it to efficiently convert electrical power from one voltage level to another while minimizing energy loss. This efficiency is primarily achieved through rapid switching of the input power on and off, allowing the supply to maintain desired output voltage levels without the heat-producing resistive losses associated with linear regulators.

In contrast to linear regulators that operate by dissipating excess voltage as heat, switching regulators adjust the input voltage through high-frequency switching, storing and releasing energy in inductors and capacitors. This method allows for smaller, lighter power supply designs suitable for a wide range of applications, including computers, consumer electronics, and communication devices. Additionally, switching power supplies can handle significant loads and convert both AC and DC input, which expands their versatility in various scenarios.

The other options highlight methods or characteristics that do not align with the fundamental definition and functionality of a switching power supply.