How is 'neutral' defined in electrical circuits?

In electrical circuits, 'neutral' is defined as a reference point that typically carries no current during normal operation. This is primarily due to its role in facilitating the return path for electrical current while maintaining a stable voltage reference for the circuit.

In an AC electrical system, the neutral wire works in conjunction with the hot (or live) wire. The hot wire carries current to the load, while the neutral wire serves as the return path, ideally allowing current to flow evenly. Because of this, if the circuit is balanced, the current flowing into the load through the hot wire is equal to the current returning through the neutral wire. As a result, there should be minimal or no current flowing through the neutral wire under normal conditions—unless there is an imbalance or a fault.

Recognizing the neutral as a reference point is crucial for both safety and function in a variety of applications, as it helps ensure stable operation and protects against potential hazards associated with unbalanced loads. This differentiates it from the other terms listed, which may imply concepts associated with current flow and circuit overloads.