After the radiation field leaves an antenna, how are the E and H fields related in terms of phase and physical displacement?

The relationship between the electric (E) field and the magnetic (H) field in electromagnetic waves propagating away from an antenna is characterized by being out of phase and having a spatial relationship of 90 degrees apart. This means that when one field reaches its maximum strength, the other field is at zero, and vice versa. This condition arises due to the nature of electromagnetic wave propagation, where the E and H fields are orthogonal to each other and to the direction of wave travel.

In practical terms, as electromagnetic waves propagate, the E field and H field oscillate at the same frequency, but they do not reach their peak values simultaneously. The E field peaks while the H field is crossing through zero, displaying the 90-degree phase difference. This is a fundamental concept in understanding how electromagnetic waves operate, particularly in antennas, which create these oscillating fields that carry energy away from the source.

The other options suggest either being in phase, which would not accurately represent the relationship, or having a different spatial relationship, neither of which captures the correct physical behavior of the electric and magnetic fields in such a scenario.